UMzolisa Archibald Campbell ‘AC’ Jordan
UmBhali, isiFundiswa kwanoVulindlela weziFundo ze-Afrika (1906 – 1968)
UMzolisa Archibald Campbell ‘A C’ Jordan, owayengunyana womfundisi wecawa yaseTshetshi, walibon' ilanga ngomhla wama-30 ku-Oktobha 1906 kwiMishini yaseMbokothwana kummandla wamaMpondomise kwisithili sakuTsolo eMpuma Koloni. Wayeyimbongi, umbhali weenoveli, umbhali-mbali woncwadi ophum' izandla kwanengqondi enguvulindlela weziFundo ze-Afrika eMzantsi Afrika. Walandulela eli limagad' ahlabayo eselubhacweni kwelase-United States ngo-1968.
Nanku omnye wemibongo yakhe ebuprofetirha…
Vulan’ uMnyango
Siza siyimbumba njengabantwana bomgquba,
Sijong' ukuthath' indawo yethu nokubang' isabelo sethu;
basikhupha ngosomvana, bawuval' umnyango sijongile,
zathi zona izizwe zahlangana zize kujolelana ngendyebo….
Sasigob’ iminqonqo sisakh’ amabhotwekazi,
Mabhotwe lawo awasishiya singooding' indawo abahlal’ ematyotyombeni;
Sasithez' iinkuni; sisemb' imigodi yamalahle,
Sibas' imililo yokubafudumeza kula mabhotwekazi,
Ngelilixa thina siqhaqhazela yingqele kumatyotyomb' ethu….
Zonk' izizwe zizigobh' amacala ngendyebo yazo,
Zonk' izizwe zihlel' ekukhanyeni,
Zonk' izizwe zizuz' ubulumko,
Zonke, zonk' izizwe zinendawo nesabelo sazo,
Kodwa siphi, siphi esabantwana bomgquba isabelo?
Ukuvula iMinyango
UGqr AC Jordan wachitha ubomi bakhe enyanzelisa ukuba kuvulwe iminyango ngexesha apho abantu abantsundu babevalelwa amathuba.
Kwinqaku elithetha ngo-A C Jordan, esinye isifundiswa, uPhil Ndlela wathi; “UJordan ngomnye weenkcuba-buchopho ezazithanda ubulungisa ezazinomdintsi netyheneba kurhulumente ngenxa yokuthetha inyaniso. Wasebenzisa imfundo yakhe ekuqhubeleni phambili intando yabo babengazelwa-nto, ababengenalizwi, kwanabo babechwethelwa bucala.”
U-A C Jordan waqalisa ukuncanca imibele yemfundo kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhantsi iSt Cuthberts eMpuma Koloni waze wawongwa ngebhasari i-Andrew Smith njengomfundi ophum’ emagqabini. Le nto yamvulela ithuba lokuya kwaNokholeji eLovedale eDikeni, apho waphumelela khona isiqinisekiso seJunior Certificate (iBanga 10 ngokwanamhlanje). Ngo-1923 waqhubela aphambili waya kufunda kwiKholeji yaseSt John’s eMthatha eMpuma Koloni apho waqeqeshelwa khona ubutitshala.
Emva kokuwongwa ngemali yokufunda waqalisa imfundo yakhe enomsila kwiKholeji yeYunivesithi yaseFort Hare apho wagqiba khona isidanga seBA ngo-1934, ekhokelisa uncwadi neelwimi. Ngo-1942 wafaka uphando lwakhe lwesidanga seeMaster’s kwiYunivesithi yaseMzantsi Afrika. Lwalunomxholo othi “Iinkalo ezithile zefonetiki nokwakheka komgaqo-ntetho wesiBhaca kulwimi lwesiNguni lwesiTekela”. Ngo-1957 walandelisa ngezifundo zesidanga sobugqirha e-UCT, “ISifundo seFonoloji nomGaqo-ntetho woNcwadi lwesiXhosa.” Waba ngumdaka wokuqala ukufumana isidanga sobugqirha e-UCT. Kwakungeyondlwan’ iyanetha ukufikelela kweli nqanaba.
UkuTshata uPhyllis Ntantala
U-A C Jordan waba ngutitshala kangangeminyaka elishumi eKroonstad apho wathi wazibandakanya nemisebenzi yezepolitiki yootitshala. Waba nguMongameli woMbutho wooTitshala abangama-Afrika. Waqalisa nokubhala amabali kwiphephandaba Imvo Zabantsundu. Kungeli xesha ebomini bakhe awathi wabhala ibali lesiXhosa elithi Ingqumbo Yeminyanya (elikwapapashwe ngesiNgesi njengelithi The Wrath of the Ancestors).
NgoJanuwari 1940, u-A C Jordan wazimanya ngeqhina lomtshato notitshalakazi owayengugxa wakhe kwisikolo saseKroonstad, uPriscilla Phyllis Ntantala owayengumbhali, inkcuba-buchopho eyaziwayo, itsha-ntliziyo lamanina nelezepolitiki. Baqala ukudibana kwiYunivesithi yaseFort Hare. UPhyllis wazalelwa kwikhaya elifumileyo eGqubeni, cebu kuhle eDutywa eMpuma Koloni. Uyise wayengumfama ophum’ izandla owayekwiBhunga Jikelele laseTranskei, elalisaziwa ngokuthi liBhunga.
Itsha-ntliziyo lezepolitiki elidla umhlala-phantsi, uPallo Jordan
U-A C Jordan waqalisa ukufundisa kwiSebe leeLwimi zase-Afrika kwiYunivesithi yaseFort Hare ngo-1945, engena ezihlangwini zomfo odumileyo uDavidson Don Tengo Jabavu. Kodwa emva konyaka kamva wasishiya esi sikhundla efudukela eKapa, apho wathi wabekwa njengomhlohli weeLwimi zaBantu abaNtsundu kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokufundisa wesi sibini kwanokuba ngamalungu eMibutho yooTitshala sasizifake zatshona iinzipho kwintlangano yootitshala yezepolitiki – iNtshukumo yeManyano yabaNtsundu.
Ekuqaleni usapho lwakwaJordan lwahlala eMoshesh Avenue kwilokishi yakwaLanga kodwa kamva lwabhalela iRhuluneli Jikelele uBrownlee, lucela imvume yokuthenga umhlaba kuMnu. uGuttman eFleur Street, eLincoln Estate, eKapa. Lwayifumana imvume lwaza lwamisa ikhaya lalo, ‘iThabisano’, (indawo yolonwabo) eLincoln Street e-Athlone. Abantwana babo bathunyelwa kwiSikolo seCawa iSt Marks e-Athlone, kwiSikolo saseRosmead nakwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo iLivingstone eClaremont ngexesha apho abantu bebala nabantsundu babohlula-hlulwe lucalu-calulo.
Le nto ke yayingahambisani noMthetho wokuHlaliswa kwaBantu ngokweBala owabekwa ngo-1950. Bobabini u-A C Jordan nowakwakhe babengene baphelela kumaphulo achasene noMthetho wokuHlaliswa kwaBantu ngokweBala ka-1950, uMthetho wamaGunya aBantu abaNtsundu ka-1951, imibhiyozo kaJan van Riebeeck eyayiseGrand Parade eKapa ngo-1952 kwanoMthetho weMfundo yaBantu abaNtsundu ka-1953. Kuphantsi kweemeko ezilolu hlobo ke awathi u-A C Jordan waba ngumntu wokuqala ontsundu ukufumana isidanga sobugqirha kwiYunivesithi yaseKapa.
Ngelilixa wayehlohla e-UCT, wavela nendlela entsha yokufundisa isiXhosa kubantu bezinye iilwimi eyayikwaquka ukusebenzisa inkcubeko yamaXhosa ekufundiseni kwakhe. Wayibhala phantsi le ndlela waza wayipapashwa ngo-1966 njengethi ‘IziFundo eziSebenzisekayo zesiXhosa’.
UNxibelelwano oluBalulekileyo
Esinye isifundiswa, esaziwayo, uHarold Scheub wenza le nkcaza ngotitshala wakhe uGqr. AC Jordan:
“Wayebathanda abafundi bakhe, nabafundi bakhe babemthanda kwaye bemhlonipha ngokungazenzisiyo.
“Kwigumbi lokufundela nangaphandle, uNjingalwazi uJordan wayekwazi ukudala unxibelelwano oluhle nabafundi bakhe, ubudlelane obabubangelwa bubukrelekrele, ububele kwanengqiqo yakhe echanileyo.
“Ingqondo ebalekayo, umtsalane, imfundo, indibanisela yokuba nomoya ozolileyo nokuzijul’ ijacu, umfo oyimvuzemvuze luthando nonombono, indoda ethanda ukudl’ amathamb’ engqondo engenzi izinto ngomgca wempuku, engajongi ixesha xa isenza izinto.
“Wayengutitshala onqabileyo owayekwazi ukuphulaphula, kungengakuba wayegqibelele kwisakhono sokuphulaphula kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayenomdla wokwenyani, ezivuyela izimvo zabanye abantu.”
Kodwa ixesha lika-A C Jordan e-UCT laba lifutshane kakhulu. Njengabanye ootitshala nabahlohli abaninzi ababezibandakanye ekuchaseni urhulumente woCalu-calulo, u-A C Jordan nowakwakhe uPhyllis babejongwe ngamehlo abomvu ngamaPolisa oKhuseleko ocalu-lulo. Ngexesha lemeko yongxamiseko elalimiselwe ngurhulumente emva kwendyikityha yokubulawa kwabantu eSharpeville nogwayimbo lwakwaLanga ngoMatshi 1960, u-A C Jordan wabanjwa waza wabethwa. Olu sapho lwafika kumagqibela kankqoyi mayela nokuchasa ngokusemthethweni kwanomsebenzi walo wezifundo owawungaphazanyiswa lwaze lwagqiba ekubeni luye phesheya.
Ngo-1961, u-A C Jordan wawongwa ngesiBonelelo soKhenketho seCarnegie sokukhenketha iiyunivesithi neekholeji kwelase-United States of America. Njengotshaba olunendumasi lorhulumente woCalu-calulo walelwa ukunikwa incwadi yokundwendwela. Wagqiba ekubeni awunikele umva uMzantsi Afrika ngemvume yokuphuma ekunye nonyana wakhe uZweledinga Pallo Jordan, besebenzisa ‘indlela yamatsha-ntliziyo enkululeko’, edlula eBotswana naseTanzania bejongis’ imibombo eLondon. Ukusuka eLondon olu sapho lwaya e-United States apho wathi waba ngunjingalwazi weeLwimi noNcwadi lwase-Afrika kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia kwicandelo eliseLos Angeles. Kamva waya kufundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin eMadison eyaba likhaya lakhe de waya kulala kobandayo ngo-1968.
Incwadi yakhe ethi ‘Kwezo Mpindo zeTsitsa’ yayapashwa emva kokubhubha kwakhe ngo-1970, kwakunye nophengululo lwakhe lohlalutyo loncwadi lwesiXhosa olwapapashwa ngo-1972 oluthi ‘KuNcwadi lwase-Afrika: UkuVela kohlobo loncwadi lwesiXhosa’, kunye nengqokelela yamabali amafutshane esiXhosa, aguqulelwe esiNgesini – ‘Iintsomi zasemaZantsi e-Afrika’ ngo-1973. UPhyllis Ntantala waguqulela ‘Ingqumbo Yeminyanya’ eyapapashwa ngesiNgesi njengethi ‘The Wrath of the Ancestors’ ngo-1980. Emva kweminyaka elishumi kamva yaguqulelwa esiBhulwini njengethi ‘Die Toorn van die Voorvaders’. Ngo-1999 yaguqulelwa kwisiDatshi.
IiMbasa
Ngo-2004 iYunivesithi yaseBhayi yawonga uMzolisa Archibald Campbell Jordan ngesidanga sobugqirha kuncwadi kwaye ngoSeptemba 2005 wahlonitshwa ngurhulumente ngeWonga Ikhamanga ngembasa yeGolide.
Unyana wakhe uZweledinga Pallo owazalelwa Kroonstad ngo-1942 wazimanya ne-African National Congress elubhacweni waza wenyukela ekubeni yinkcuba-buchopho egqwesileyo kuyo yonke nje imingeni nokuphazamiseka kwemfundo yakhe enomsila. Wasebenza kwisiGqeba esiPhezulu sikaZwelonke se-ANC kwaye waba ngumphathiswa kwikhabhinethi ukususela ngo-1994 ukuya kutsho ngo-2009 kurhulumente wasemva koCalu-calulo. Lo ungezantsi ngomnye wemibongo yakhe:
Uthi Mandihlale Ndithi Cwaka…
Uthi mandihlale ndithi cwaka xa ndiphangwa ubudoda bam,
ndingudingindawo ongenayo nento le endithi yeyam,
Ngoku ndiyeza, ngoku ndiyahamba, ndisisibhadubhadu esingenayo nempunde,
Ikhaya lam likhal’ ibhungane!Hamb’ okuxelela iinyosi,
Abalindi bokwenyani bendawo yobusi,
Zingamtyi umzingeli ongxamileyo
Oxhwila ubusi bazo.Uthi kuyo yonke le ndyebo yolwazi
Obutyhilwa kuyo yonke indawo, obuzalise umhlaba,
Mandihlale apha ngonaphakade ndibanjwe bubukhoboka bentswela-lwazi, ndisebugxwayibeni obungenangqondo!Hamb’ okuxelela ingca eyokozelayo,
Eyogqunywe yiqabaka nembatshileyo,
Ukuba ingakhawulezi xa ithe yavuselelwa
Xa egqabaza ngalo mbongo, umbhali nesifundiswa esaziwayo uMbulelo Vizikhungo Mzamane ubhala enjenje:
Inguqulelo yesiNgesi ayikwazi tu ukudlulisela ingcamango yolwimi lweenkobe. Ayiyidluliseli intsingiselo yentetho yesiXhosa ebonisa ukungahoyi efana nethi “Hamb’okunya!” (“Go and shit!”), edluliselwa ngokucacileyo apha yintetho nemvakalo-zwi yenguqulelo yesiXhosa kumgca wokuqala wesitanza ngasinye esinemigca emine – “Hamb’ okuxelela iinyosi … Hamb’ okuxelela ingca eyokozelayo …” Eli qhalo lesiXhosa lizele ziintsingiselo ezifihlakeleyo ezikwekwayo.
Xa echaza ukuwuthanda kwakhe lo mbongo uDan Kunene uthi lo mbongo ubonisa ukuzifaka kwento kaJordan iinzipho kwiipolitiki zaseMzantsi Afrika kwanomsindo wakhe xa kusithiwa “makahlale athi cwaka” okanye adibane nenyoka iphung’ umhluzi. Le ndlela yokuthetha neyempendulo yombongo kaJordan isuka kwi-African Ingoma (Song). Umgca wokugqibela uchaza ukudikwa kukaJordan ziimeko zaseMzantsi Afrika, ingakumbi emveni kokufakwa kwemfundo yaBantu abaNtsundu, eyayijoliswe ekubandezeni ama-Afrika intaphane yolwazi (UMzamane 1984:151–2).
Umbongo othi “Uthi Mandihlale Ndithi Cwaka” wabhalwa okokuqala ngesiXhosa waza kamva waguqulelwa esiNgesini ngumbhali ngokunokwakhe. Ngelizwi elingqingqwa uJordan uzathuza ngokuthetha phandle nokuthatha inyathelo. Uyimela ngesibindi imigaqo yakhe. Ubona ngaphaya kweenjongo ezifihlakeleyo zikarhulumente wocalu-calulo kwaneziphumo zazo.
Imithombo ecatshuliweyo
U-E.J. Verwey, (1995), New Dictionary of South African Biography, umqulu 1. IBhunga loPhando lweNzululwazi yoLuntu, iphe 108-109
Inkcazelo kaRhulumente waseMzantsi Afrika, (ngo-2005), IiMbasa zikaZwelonke u-Archibald Campbell Mzolisa Jordan (1906 – 1968), www.info.gov.za
Imbali yoMzantsi Afrika kwi-Intanethi, U-Archibald Campbell Mzoliza Jordan, UmBhali wesiXhosa kwanengcali yeelwimi.
UNtantala, Phyllis; Iintlobo-ntlobo zoBomi: Imbali ebhalwe nguPhyllis Ntantala ngokwakhe. IYunivesithi yeCalifornia Press. (1995)
INtyila-lwazi iBritannica; UmBhali waseMzantsi Afrika – u-AC Jordan
IWikipedia; U-Archibald Campbell Jordan;
UPhil Ndlela; (2014) Ukubhiyozela ilifa lengqiqo lika-AC Jordan