ITsha-ntliziyo lamaLungelo abaNtu & kwaneGorha leMfazwe

U-Adolf Gysbert ‘uMatiloshe’ Malan wayeyinkokeli yentshukumo yogwayimbo ikakhulu yabelungu baseMzantsi Afrika kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yoo-1950 eyaziwa ngokuthi ‘nguMkhosi weeTotshi’. Eli qela lalibunjwe liButho leSpringbok nangabantu ababekuMbutho oManyeneyo ngokubumba ikomiti engeyoyambutho ebizwa ngoku yiKomiti yokuSebenza yamaGqala eMfazwe (iWVAC). Isigqibo phakathi kweenkokeli zangasekhohlo zeButho leSpringbok, uCecil Williams noJack Hodgson, noMbutho oManyeneyo, seza nomfo weButho leSpringbok kuMbutho oManyeneyo, uVic Clapham.

Aba baseki bavumelana ngokuhlanganisa iqela le-WVAC elibunjwe ngu-Adolf ‘uMatiloshe’ Malan njengomongameli, uLouis Kane-Berman, uRalph Parrott, uMajor Pretorius kwanoDoreen Dunning. Batyunjwa ngenxa yendima yabo yobunkokeli njengamajoni, nangenxa yokuba bavuma ukuba abananxaxheba kwimibutho yezepolitiki. Yayingeyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo ke loo nto njengoko abanye babekuMbutho oManyeneyo, kodwa loo nto yogqunywa kukuba namava ezomkhosi.

Abantu beButho leSpringbok babequka amalungu amaninzi oMbutho oManyeneyo, afana noHarry Schwartz owaqhubeka edlala indima enkulu efihlakeleyo yokuququzela kuMkhosi weeTotshi.

Ngenxa yendima yakhe yobunkokeli nangezinto awayezithetha esidlangalaleni ekhusela idemokhrasi, ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-siseko, ubulungisa, ukuchasa ubuhlanga nokumela iintathambula zabantu abangajongelwa ntweni ingakumbi abebala, uSailor Malan wenziwa ikheswa waza wacinywa ezimbalini. Wayengumqhubi wenqwelo-moya yokulwa eyayitshic' umlilo kwiDabi laseBritani kwanegorha lemfazwe. Njengoko wayebuthiy' egazini ubuNazi, wadideka xa wabubona buqandusela kwilizwe lakowabo. Nantsi ke indlela afanele akhunjulwe ngayo – igorha lemfazwe kwanotshaba lokuqandusela kwesisombululo soMzantsi Afrika ngokuchasene noLawulo lwesiThathu lwaseJamani.

Le nkwenkwe yasefama eWellington, oyise wayo ontetho isisiBhulu nonina ongumBritani, yalibon' ilanga ngo-1910. Igama layo yayinguChristened Adolf Gysbert Malan. Xa wayenama-52 ubudala ngoSeptemba 1963 wayengomnye wabemi boMzantsi Afrika abazibalule kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ebomini bakhe wayamkele isaci sebutho lakhe lasemkhosini esithi-"Andoyiki mNtu”.

Ndiza kuGcoba

Kodwa naphezu kwazo nje izinto awayezifezile, ukuchasa kwakhe uLawulo loCalu-calulo negalelo lakhe ekulweni namawele amabini azizisongelo, ubuNazi noFasci, waphosw' kwelokulibala esakulala ngengubo kaqaqaqa. Ilitye lengcwaba lakhe lithi - “In the shadow of Thy wings will I rejoice [Phantsi kwethunzi leempiko zakho ndiza kugcoba].”

Xa wazibeka phantsi iimpiko zakhe njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ngelishwa ubomi bakhe bonganyelwa sisifo sikaParkinson. Wafumana intuthuzelo kubudlelwane bosapho lwakhe olunothando, umkakhe uLynda, nonyana wakhe kwanentombbi yakhe, uJonathan noValerie kwanenja yakhe.

Ngalixa lithile ‘uSailor Malan’ wayongamele isibhakabhaka phezu kweLondon, kwimfazwe yasemoyeni eyayibizwa ngokuthi “liDabi laseBritani” ngo-1940. WayeyiNkumanda yoPhiko kwiButho lweeNqwelo-moya zeziQhushumbis (Spitfire Squadron) 74 yaye udume ngokuba ngomnye wamadoda amabini angoophopho awanikwa iwonga lokuba nowona mlinganiselo ophakamileyo wokukwazi ukudubula iinqwelo-moya zotshaba bekwigumbi labaqhubi. Wadubula ephosa phantsi iinqwelo-moya zotshaba ezingama-34 ‘ngokwenani elaziwayo’.

UMalan wayeyinkwenkwe yasefama eWellington ezithonga zayo zokuqala zadutyulwa “ngekeyiti” (uzenzele wesilinge) waze waqhubela phambili esiba lichule ekusebenziseni umbhaxa. Eselula ene-13 ubudala, wasishiya isikolo waza wangena kwiLouis Botha Maritime College, isikolo sezifundo zobomi. Njengabanye abafana, wayengxamele ukubona ihlabathi, njengomatiloshe ongurhwebi.

Xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 wayengumatiloshe kwi-Union Castle Shipping Line waza waqhubeka engumatiloshe iminyaka elishumi elandelayo. Wayetsalwa ngaba matshini bakhulu babhabhayo, ngeli xesha ukuze alijongele ezantsi ihlabathi.

U-Adolf Malan wakwaqeqeshwa kwiRoyal Naval Reserve enesikhundla sokuba yiLuthenanti engaPhantsi. Yaba koku kutshintshela kwinkonzo yoMkhosi waseManzini abe ngumqhubi weenqwelo-moya owenza wanesiteketiso “esinguMatiloshe [Sailor]”. Kuyabonakala ukuba zombini ezi ziteketiso zakhe zazingathandisiswa ncam nguye okanye nguLynda, inkosikazi awayetshate nayo, eyayimbiza ngokuthi John. Kodwa kukuchitha kwakhe into engaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elwandle eyabangela ukuba wonk' umntu ambize ngokuthi “Matiloshe [Sailor]”.

Kodwa yayingekokuthanda ukuba ngunyawo lwambeth' indlela nomnqweno wokubona ihlabathi okwakuqhuba uSailor Malan. Uninzi lwabasetyhini abaselula kwanabafana kulo lonke ihlabathi, kuquka eMzantsi Afrika, babokh' umkhanya ukuvela kobuFasci nobuNazi kwelaseSpeyin, e-Italy, naseJamani kwaye izibilini zaziphezulu ngento eyayisenzeka. Abanye abemi boMzantsi Afrika abasebatsha njengombhali u-Uys Krige, basabela kwikhwelo elahlatywa kulo lonke ihlabathi lokuba bangene kwiMikhosi yamaZwe ngamaZwe ukuze bakhusele urhulumente wasekhohlo waseSpeyin okhethwe ngedemokhrasi kwaneRiphabhliki. USailor Malan wawabona amafu emfazwe ehlanganisana yaye isizukulwana sakhe saba nefuthe kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yoku-I eyanwenwela kulo lonke elimiweyo. Wayewubona nomsinga onamandla wamaNashinali angamaSoshiyali kwiipolitiki zaseMzantsi Afrika.

INkwenkwe eyayinobuFama

Nangona wayephuma kwiifama eKapa, wayenembono ephangaleleyo eya ikhula malunga namanye amazwe. Into esoloko ibabazwa kubo bonke ubomi bakhe kukuba wayengesosidenge. Babenomdintsi netyheneba kuye abezepolitiki abathetha kakhulu kwanabantu ababemadolw' anzima ukuphelisa ubuhlwempu baze benze lento badla ngokuyithetha kwiipolitiki. Into awayejolise kuyo kukuthi ukushenxisa iingcamango akuzange kondle abantu, kwakhele abantu izindlu kuze nemisebenzi ukuze abantu baphile. KuSailor Malan, iinkokeli ezinjengoMussolini, uHitler kwanoFranco yayingoofunz' eliweni abanemilomo emikhulu kwanoozincinci ababekhokela ihlabathi belisa kwinkxwaleko nendyikityha, yaye babefanele banqandwe. Wabona ukuba ukukhusela imigaqo namaziko edemokhrasi nokulelwa uluntu koozwilakhe bamaNazi nama-Axis kuyinto ephambili ebomini bakhe. Wayengabuthathi lula ubujoni bakhe yaye akazange afakwe ngetshova kubo, kodwa wayeyingcali yomqhubi-wenqelo oqhutywa kukuzimisela.

USailor wayesele enolwazi lokuba izifundo zeMfazwe yeHlabathi yoku-I ukuthi imfazwe yaselwandle neyasemoyeni yayiza kufuneka kakhulu kwimfazwe entsha, nokuthi isantya, ubuxhakaxhaka beentsimbi nokuchana zaziza kuthatha indawo yohlobo lobubhutyu kwimfazwe eyaliwa kwishumi leminyaka ngaphambili. Yile nto eyabangela ukuba enze izifundo zokuqhuba inqwelo-moya iTiger Moths kwisikolo sophapho eBristol ngoJanuary 1936. Wathi uphela unyaka wagqithela ekuqhubeni iinqwelo-moya okuhambele phambili waza wangena kwiFighter Squadron 74 eyayisaziwa ngokuba yiTiger Squadron.

Kwathi ngo-Agasti 1937 waba yiNkumanda eBambeleyo yoPhapho "A" yaye wayedume ngokuba yinkcani ekudubuleni.

Kungeli xesha awathi wavelisa izakhono zakhe ezidumileyo zobunkokeli ibe ngo-1939 wanyuselwa esiba yiLuthenanti yoPhapho.

Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba 1939 wakhokela iCandelo loPhapho eliBomvu "elingu-A" eqhuba iSpitfire K9864 kumjikelezo wakhe wokuqala ngexesha lemfazwe.

NgoJuni 1940 wayesoloko esemoyeni yaye ejamelene nomlo oshushu phezu kweFransi. Wawongwa ngeDistinguished Flying Cross. Ngo-Agasti 1940 njengenkumanda ye-74 Squadron, uSailor wayexhuzul’ imikhala kwisibhakabhaka kwiDabi laseBritani xa esi Squadron saphosa phantsi iinqwelo-moya zotshaba ezingama-38. Kwiiveki ezalandelayo baphosa emhlabeni iinqwelo-moya ezingama-84 besenza umonakalo omkhulukazi kuMkhosi woMoya weJamani yamaNazi. USailor wawongwa ngeDistinguished Service Order ngorhatya olwandulela iKrismesi ka-1940. Oku kwalandela yimbasa yeDistinguished Service Order ngoJulayi 1941.

Le ngcaphulo ithi:

"Eli gosa libonakalise ubukroti obukhulu nokulucekisa utshaba ngelilixa ekhokela iPhiko lakhe kumaphulo aliqela phezu koMntla weFransi kutshanje. Ukuthatha izigqibo ezolile, ukuzimisela kwanesakhono sakhe esigqwesileyo zimenze wathi chatha kuloyiso lwakhe oluqinisekisweyo kwiinqwelo-moya zotshaba ukususela kwi-19 ukuya kuma-28, ukongezelela kwezingama-20 ezonakalisiweyo mhlawumbi ezitshatyalalisweyo. Eli rekhodi lakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe kumenze waxatyiswa kakhulu baza noogxa bakhe bazinikela kweli Phiko. Kwezi veki ezimbini zigqithileyo eli Phiko liye lalibetha lalivuthulula utshaba lishiya iinqwelo-moya ezingama-42 zotshaba zitshatyalalisiwe, ezinye ezili-15 mhlawumbi zitshatyalalisiwe nezili-11 zonakalisiwe."

Oyena mQhubi weNqwelo-moya waFumana amaNqaku aPhezulu

Ngo-1941 uSailor Malan wayesaziwa ngokudubula nokuphosa phantsi iinqwelo-moya zotshaba ezingama-27 ngokwakhe, ezisi-7 zitshatyalalisiwe ngokuyinxenye ezi-2 kungaqinisekwa ngazo. Kwakukho nezinye ezi-3 ezingakumbi ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ziinqwelo-moya zotshaba ezatshatyalaliswayo nezingakumbi ezili-16 ezonakaliswayo. Ngelo xesha wayengumqhubi wenqwelo-moya oxhuzul’ imikhala kwi-RAF. Wayesaziwa njengomnye wabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafumana amanqaku aphezulu owasebenza ne-Fighter Command ngeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesi-II. Wenziwa ilalela njengenkokeli yebutho ngomhla wesi-6 kuJanuwari 1942 yaye njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wakhe wakhenketha nelase-USA. Ngo-1943 waba yinkumanda yesikhululo esiseBiggin Hill, waza wanyuselwa njengenkumanda enkulu ngomhla woku-1 kuJulayi 1943. Ngo-Oktobha 1943 waba ligosa eliphethe iphiko i-19 Fighter Wing, yoMkhosi wesiBini woNgquzulwano we-RAF, wandula wayinkumanda yephiko 145 Fighter Wing (yamaFrentshi aKhululekileyo).

Xa Kanye yayishushu imfazwe yasemoyeni, amatsha-ntliziyo antsundu elase-United States naseKhanada, iikoloni zaseBritani ezikwiiCaribbean, e-Afrika nase-Indiya, ekuqaleni abaziswa emfazweni njengezicaka, baqalisa ukulwa bencedisa imikhosi exhobileyo. Banikwa amathuba okuba babe ngamajoni aziingcali nalingana nomntu wonke kwanethuba lokubalasela. Ibali elingaziwa kangako yindlela i-RAF eyayibafuna ngayo naphantsi kwamanzi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kwaye yanyanzeleka ukuba ivulele nabantu abantsundu abaphuma kwiziQithi zeeCaribbean, eNigeria, kwiGold Coast, eSierra Leone, eMalaysia nase-Indiya. USailor wayencokola kwaye enxulumana nabantu abantsundu ngendlela angazange ayenze eMzantsi Afrika.

Ubuqabane babuzibonakalela. Njengegosa eliyinkumanda zange nje abe nenxaxheba kuloyiso lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kodwa nakwiinyembezi zabo.  Oku kwenzeka kabini esabelana ngentlungu yakhe, nangokuba nemvelaphi yekhaya eliphantsi njengabanye. USailor Malan waxheleka gqitha emphefumlweni kukuswelekelwa emfazweni, xa umninawa wakhe, uFrancis ‘George’ Malan, we-RAF Squadron 72, ekwangumqhubi wenqwelo-moya eyiSpitfire eTunisia, wabhubha ngomhla wama-26 ku-Apreli 1943.

Njengabaninzi ‘kusapho’ lwakhe olungabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya la madodana akwaMalan ayephuma kumakhaya aphantsi. Baya kuxelenga besengamakhwenkwana kwaye bebaliselana ngamabali ngendlela abaphumelele ngayo. Lo phopho womqhubi wenqwelo-moya wayebalisa nangendlela awafumana ngayo imivumbo kumkhosi wasemanzini njengomntu osafikayo. Oogxa bakhe abantsundu babechulumance ngokwenene nguye kuba ephuma e-Afrika nokuthi ebengumatiloshe, ngaphambi kokuba abe ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya.

 UMalan wayesazi ukuba abantu abantsundu eMzantsi Afrika babephethwe kakubi. Ubudlelwane obakheka emfazweni abunakuvela nje buphelel’ emoyeni.

USajini wezoPhapho uJames Hyde onkaba iseTrinidad, uLethenanti wezoPhapho uVincent Bunting waseKingston, kwelaseJamaica kunye neGosa lezoPhapho uMahinder Singh Puji wase-Indiya nabanye abaninzi ‘babelusapho’ lwasesibhakabhakeni. Eli qhina ngelalililize ukuba lalingazange liqhubeke ngonaphakade naxa babengenakufumana ubulungisa ababebulwela, xa bebuyela emakhaya.

Kwiminyaka emva koku emva kwemfazwe, amadoda angabaQhubi beeNqwelo-moya ababesuka kwiiCaribbean babelikhumbula kakuhle kwaye belincoma iqabane nenkokeli yabo, ngelilixa uMalan wayegxekwa kwabe nokukhunjulwa kwakhe kufihlwa ngabelungu ababenobuhlanga kwelakowabo. Ekupheleni kuka-1941 kuthiwa wadubula ephos’ emhlabeni iinqwelo-moya ezingama-34 kwaye wayegqwesile kakhulu njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya wemikhosi emanyeneyo ngeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesi-II. Wakwavelisa incwadi enconywayo yokulwa emoyeni – ‘Imithetho elishumi yokuLwa eMoyeni kaSailor Malan’. Le mithetho ibonisa indlela awabuphila ngayo ubomi bakhe bangaphambi kweminyaka yemfazwe kwaye yamnceda ekuphononongeni imeko yoMzantsi Afrika emva kwemfazwe. Yayizizivakalisi ezimfutshane, ezibukhali, ezingqale ngqo engongomeni neziyilelwe ukusinda nokoyisa. Njengazo zonke iinkokeli ezibalaseleyo emfazweni, lo kaMalan ngaphandle kwayo nayiphi na indelelo awayejolise kuyo, wakubona kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba awubekel’ enye imini umlo, kunokuba asizeleke ngokufela edabini.

USailor Malan wawongwa kwakhona - ngeBelgian Croix de Guerre ngeSundu lobhedu; iCzecho-Slovakian Military Cross; iFrench Legion of Honour, njengeGosa leFrench Croix de Guerre.

Emva kwemfazwe uSailor Malan wabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1946. Waba nendumasi yaye wayegqalwa njengegorha lemfazwe elidumileyo. Kodwa abaninzi kuMbutho wamaNashinali, babewanyhukula la magorha emfazwe ngowabiza ngokuthi ‘ngoontaka-mpuku’ yaye egqalwa njengabangcatshi ngenxa yokoyisa kwawo umanyano lwamazwe olwalubizwa ngokuba zii-Axis zamaNashinali  amaninzi awo awaqukwayo emfazweni njengabo bakwicala lamaNazi. Amadoda awayesakuba semkhosini afana noMalan othuswa yindlela uMbutho wamaNashinali nengcamango yawo efana ngayo neyamaNazi yaye kumaqela awohlukahlukeneyo kulo lonke eli nakwiidolophu zawo zokuzalwa apho zazixhaswa ngoofunz' eliweni bamaNazi. Baqala ukuzibuza ngento abanokuyenza ukunqanda ukuqandusela koLawulo lwaseMzantsi Afrika.

Esi ke yaba sisiqalo sentshukumo yamagqala – uMkhosi weeTotshi

Kangangeminyaka emithathu, ngo-1951 – 1954, kwabakho ixesha elifutshane kakhulu xa kwabakho intshukumo yogwayimbo eyayibunjwe ngamadoda angabelungu awayefudula esemkhosini awalwa kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yesi-II, aza abizwa ngokuba nguMkhosi weeTotshi, owawugwayimbela ukungasetyenziswa komgaqo-siseko, nangokuchasene nokupheliswa kwevoti yabantu 'beBala' nokusungulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoCalu-calulo.

Ubuncinane ekuqaleni kwakujoliswe kwezi zinto, kodwa kungekudala yaba nembono elinganiselweyo kakhulu, yazimanya neqela elithile kuMbutho oManyeneyo. Ngabo ababefuna ukubiza ulonyulo jikelele ngaphambi kwexesha ngelizama ukuthintela ukonyulwa kukaGerrymandering nguMbutho oManyeneyo ngokuphekwa kwamanani abavoti ziiofisi zengingqi ezithile ezihambisana nemibono yawo.

IziYaluyalu zoGwayimbo lwaseBusuku

Imingcele eneziyaluyalu zogwayimbo loMkhosi weeTotshi zarhwebesha izihlwele zabantu abanondiliseko abakugwayimbo abangama-25,000 – 30,000 izihlandlo eziliqela kuMzantsi Afrika uphela. Eyona ndibano eyayinkulu yanabagwayimbi abaphakathi kwama-75,000 ne-150,000, ababequka amadoda awayesakuba semkhosini nenani elikhulu labaxhasi be-UP, ababesitsha ziintambo ekulweleni iingcamango zikaJan Smuts. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo olu yayilugwayimbo olukhulu yaye lwaqhutywa ngondiliseko lomkhosi.

Iindibano zokuqala zazijolise ngokucacileyo ekuchaseni uCalu-calulo nokulwela umgaqo-siseko nangona le ndibano enkulu yona yagabadelayo yaza yajolisa kakhulu kwiipolitiki zangaphakathi zalo mbutho wabelungu. Into eyalandelayo yaba kukudideka, ukwehla kwentshukumo yoMkhosi weeTotshi, nokunyamalala kwawo. Uninzi lwabo bagwayimbi bade bagcwala kuMbutho wamaNashinali.

Igama elithi ‘uMkhosi weeTotshi’ lalisuka kwelinye lamaphulo oMntla Afrika awayechase uMkhosi wamaNazi, elalisaziwa njengePhulo leeTotshi kwelase-Algeria nakwelaseMorocco ngo-1942. Kwakhona lasetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba abagwayimbi babephethele phezulu iitotshi kwimingcelele yabo ebusuku, bekhanyisa ebumnyameni.

Abantu abaseka uMkhosi weeTotshi yayiliButho leSpringbok elalineenkokeli ezinamandla zasekhohlo nabantu abakuMbutho oManyeneyo. Ebudeni bemfazwe uSmuts noMbutho weSizwe wamaNashinali wakhe babefukam' inzondo, kodwa besaphulelana neButho leSpringbok nangona lalineenkokeli zasekhohlo. Kwiminyaka yasemva koko kwakukho intlaninge yamabali obuxoki nezinto ezingeyonyani ngendlela owavela ngayo uMkhosi weeTotshi. Ibali lokwenyani lafihlwa njengoko yayingu-Adolf ‘Sailor’ Malan owaba nguMongameli woMkhosi weeTotshi.

IButho leSpringbok lalivulelwe onke amajoni lingakhathaliseki ibala lawo kwaye 'lalinomQulu weziThembiso zamaJoni'. Le ntlangano yakhula ngamajoni eBhathaliyon ye-9 yaseRecce yamaPolisa aseMzantsi Afrika eeNkanunu, iKomiti yoMdla wamaJoni eyayibunjwe ngamalungu eBhrigeyidi yokuQala yaseMzantsi Afrika e-Addis Ababa, nanguMbutho wamaJoni owawubunjwe kwayile bhrigeyidi eYiphutha. Yayiyintlangano eyayimela ngokumandla impilo-ntle yamajoni kodwa ikwachase ngokumandla ingcamango yamaNazi.

IButho leSpringbok lalinobukomanisi obumandla basekhohlo kwiinkokeli zayo zezigaba ngezigaba, ayelapho ke amandla kwanobuthathaka bayo. Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe le ntlangano yaya idodobala ngokukhawuleza, ebudeni bamaphulo achasene nabo basekhohlo eMzantsi Afrika kwanoMc McCarthyism kwelase-USA. Ngo-1950 le ntlangano eyakhe yanamalungu angama-65,000 yancipha yaba namalungu nje angamakhulu ambalwa. Iinkokeli zasekhohlo ngelixesha zazisaquka into zooJohn Morley, ooCecil Williams, ooJack Hodgson, ooJoe Podbury, ooJoe Slovo, ooJohn o’Meara, ooRusty Bernstein, ooJock Izakowitz, ooWolfie Kodesh, kwanooFred Carneson. Ezimbini kwezi nkokeli, uCecil Williams noJack Hodgson, zagunyaziswa ukuba zisungule iingxoxo kunye namalungu wayesakuba ngaweButho leSpringbok oMbutho oManyeneyo, yaye uVic Clapham waba ngumbhexeshi wezo ngxoxo noMbutho oManyeneyo.

Ekuphela kweNdoda enoKwenza lo mSebenzi

Ngenxa yeengxoxo ezishushu nezinyanisekileyo iqela ikakhulu elalibunjwa ziinkokeli zasekhohlo zeButho leSpringbok zanqwala ekubeni kusungulwe ikomiti entsha engenanto yakwenza nambutho – iKomiti eSebenzayo yamaGqala eMfazwe (ACWV), ngokweso sivumelwano soonozakuzaku beButho leSpringbok kunye noMbutho oManyeneyo ingabo ababeza kuqhubela phambili nale nkqubo.

Kwiingxoxo ezimayela nomntu owayeza kuxhuzul' imikhala kule komiti, uSailor Malan wagqama njengekuphela kwendoda enokwenza loo msebenzi. Wayesel' eyithetha esidlangalaleni into yokuba wayechasene nokudlelw' indlala kwabantu abantsundu kwezepolitiki eMzantsi Afrika, ukuchasa ukungathotyelwa komgaqo-siseko nozenzele wasekuhlaleni wobuNazi. U-Adolf ‘Sailor’ Malan wawamkela umsebenzi wokuba yinkokeli logama nje kwakuza kubanjelelwa kule migaqo ukubheka phambili. Zonke izinyanzeliso ezenziwa esidlangalaleni zazikukugcina le migaqo yokuqala.

USailor Malan wazixhathisa kwema ngaye iinzame zoMbutho oManyeneyo, zoMbutho weNkululeko eyasekwa ngo-1953, oothunywashe boMbutho oManyeneyo, abakwa-Oppenheimer namanye amashishini, ekubeni azayamanise neepolitiki nezoshishino zamaqela ngaloo mihla. Ekugqibeleni bonke babesithi wayengumntu wabo, ngaphandle koMbutho wamaNashinali, owamnyhashayo uSailor Malan usithi wayeququzelela ubukomanisi basekhohlo. Isiphumo saba kukuvalw' umlomo koMbutho wamaKomanisi ngo-1950 yaye uninzi lwababesakuba ngamalungu ayo ayegqalwa njengeentshaba zikarhulumente yaye evalwe umlomo. Ngo-1952 urhulumente woCalu-calulo wayelitshayele kwathi tu iButho leSpringbok. USailor Malan wayengelokomanisi. Wayeligorha nje lemfazwe elihamba ngokwemigaqo owakumela ngokuqinileyo ukusetyenziswa komgaqo-siseko, ubulungisa, ukungabi nabuhlanga kwaye echasene nobuhlwempu nokungabi nathemba. Kwiminyaka yamva, uSailor Malan owayenziwe ikheswa wema ngokwaloo migaqo de walala kobandayo.

UkuliGqibezela

Xa uRhulumente woCalu-calulo wagqogqa ii-ofisi zeButho leSpringbok ngo-1952 oko yaba kukuligqibezela. Akukho namnye kwababesakuba ngamalungu ayo, okanye uMbutho oManyeneyo kwanoMkhosi weeTotshi owayilwelayo kweli xesha likaxakeka yaye eneneni xa i-CPSA yavalw' umlomo akukho nokumbombozela oku okwenziwayo ngala maqela. Naxa kaphunyezwa imithetho yoCalu-calulo ekugqibeleni kwathuleka kwathi tu. Uninzi lwabo kwakusithiwa ziinkokeli zeButho leSpringbok zaba ngamalungu awaseka Umkhonto weSizwe – iphiko lomkhosi lombutho wenkululeko, kwaneNkongolo yamaTsha-ntliziyo eDemokhrasi, uMbutho weNkululeko kwanoMbutho weDemokhrasi neminye imibutho eyaphuma kuyo.

Ngenxa yokwamkela kwakhe esi sikhundla sobunkokeli sokungabi nambutho othile owaziwa njengoMkhosi weeTotshi, kwanamahum-hum abo babezama ukumenza umntu wabo, uMbutho wamaNashinali wasebenzisa la mabali ekwenzeni uSailor Malan “ingqeqe” kaJan Smuts, negorha lemfazwe elithunyelwe yiBritani kwanesithethi “samaJuda atyebileyo” anjengoo-Oppenheimer. Le nto ayizange imaphule amandla lo mfo wayephila ngesaci se-Squadron 74 – “Andoyiki mntu”. Wahlala ejonge kwiphupha lakhe loMzantsi Afrika onedemokhrasi, ubulungisa nobomi obungcono kubo bonke abemi bawo. Le yayiyindoda engumlungu yaseMzantsi Afrika eyayijonge ngaphaya kwexesha eyayiphila kulo nangaphayaa koMkhosi weeTotshi owathi emva ko-1952 waqalisa ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo solonyulo soMbutho oManyeneyo.

Into owaba yiyo uMkhosi weeTotshi ijongelwa phantsi, naphezu kwabo nje ubukroti bokwenyani nokuhamba ngokwemigaqo kweenkokeli zawo ezithile, ingakumbi u-Adolf ‘Sailor’ Malan. Into eyayiqhuba olu gwayimbo yayingumzabalazo phakathi koonozakuzaku basekhohlo nokuchasa kwabo uCalu-calulo kwanomzabalazo wababhukuqi basekunene bephulo lokubuyiselwa kweXesha lomfo kaSmuts ngoloyiso kulonyulo loMbutho oManyeneyo luka-1953. Yaba kokokugqibela uCuster emela i-UP, yaye ndawonye nomxube wasekhohlo nowasekunene yindlela i-NP eyathimba ngayo iintliziyo neengqondo zesininzi sabagwayimbi.

UGerrymandering woMbutho wamaNashinali

intlanganiso yokuqala eyabanjwa yile ntlangano yokuzibabaza njenge-WVAC yayingumcimbi wokubek' iimbasa eCentaph eRhawutini, apho babeka umkhumbi onamazwi athi “UMGAQO-SISEKO”. Kwabanjwa iintlanganiso ezimbini ngoMeyi 1951 nganye kuzo itsala abantu abaqikelelwa kuma-25,000 yaye kwasetyenziswa igama elaziwayo elithi “uMkhosi weeTotshi”. Izihlwele zazahlukahlukene kuneqela lamaGqala, njengoko abaxhasi be-UP nabahlali ngokubanzi ababexhasa la maphulo bazeka mzekweni. Ngasekupheleni konyaka amagqala ali-130,000 atyikityela ukuba ngamalungu eWVAC, kodwa neso yaba sisiphelo. Abaninzi kubo yayisakuba ngamalungu eButho leSpringbok awawa phantsi ngenxa yokunxulumana namakomanisi.

Ngasekupheleni ko-1952, amalungu eWVAC ancipha kakhulu. Eyona ndibano enkulu eqikelelwa kwi-150,000 eyayiquka abagwayimbi abaninzi ‘bebala’ ibisoloko ibaxwa njengeliphinda kabini eli nani. Ukumela umgaqo-siseko nokuchasa uMbutho wamaNashinali kaGerrymandering kwakhula kunokulwela abantu 'bebala'  okanye ukuchasa uCalu-calulo. Eyona nto eyayingamandla kwabathile ababekuMbutho oManyeneyo yayikukufamana ulonyulo jikelele ngaphambi kwexesha ngelokuthintela i-NP kuGerrymandering kuloyiso olusisigxina lwezepolitiki. Babebaninzi abantu bezomkhosi, amapolisa noluntu ababexhalabele imisebenzi yabo ngenxa yokucinyw' igama nokuthathelwa indawo koMbutho wamaNashinali ngamanashinali angeva bhlowu nastatshi awayeneenjongo zamathanda-zwe. Kwakude kwakho nengcamango ethi i-NP yayitshabalalisa impucuko yabelungu. Asifanelanga sivumele ezi zihlwele zabantu abadidekileyo ezoyikayo zisenze zigevezel' amadolo kukoyika abelungu, zingxenge iinjongo zikaSailor Malan, ezeButho leSpringbok nezabaseki bokuqala boMkhosi weeTotshi nemigaqo yabo.

IiNjongo zoMkhosi weeTotshi

Zazisiwa ngokuwa iintetho malunga ‘noMkhosi weeTotshi’ yaye umntu unokuyigxeka intlangano ngokufanelekileyo ngento eyimelayo, nangezinyanzeliso zayo, kunokusebenzisa iintetho ezingeyonyani. Singayincoma ngokugwayimbela kwayo ukupheliswa kwevoti 'yabebala', kodwa ezi ziinjongo eyayijolise kuzo, kuneenjongo ezichasene noCalu-calulo. “Thina madoda namakhosikazi wayefudula esemkhosini nabanye abantu sihlanganisene apha ukuze sigwayimbele isenzo sikaRhuluemente okhoyo ekwenzeni isindululo sokwaphula umGaqo-siseko.

“Sizibophelela ngeentliziyo zethu zonke ekuthatheni nawaphina amanyathelo omgaqo-siseko sisenzela ilizwe lethu ukuze sinyanzelise ulonyulo Jikelele ngokukhawuleza okudibene nokungxama.

“Sihlab' ikhwelo kwamanye amadoda namakhosikazi awayefudula esemkhosini, neentlangano zababefudula besemkhosini nabemi boMzantsi Afrika abathanda idemokhrasi ukuba benze isifungo sale nto.

“Sigqibe kwelokuba ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zidluliselwe kwiNkulu baPhathiswa neenkokeli zamanye amaqela.”

Eyona ngxelo eluncedo yezifundiswa neyokungabi yinxalenye yombutho yelo xesha inokufunyanwa kwiphepha leNgqungquthela yeziFundo ze-Afrika elibhalwe nguMichael Fridjon – “UMkhosi weeTotshi & kwaneePolitiki zeQela laBelungu abame ngaPhesheya kuzo. UMzantsi Afrika ngo-1951-1953.” Ukuze ufumane ingxelo egqibeleleyo neyeenkcukacha ka-Adolf ‘sailor’ Malan njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya neempawu zakhe, akukho nto engcono kunengxelo kaBill Nasson. Ngokusuka kwezi zifundo nohlalutyo olugqibeleleyo umntu angakwazi ukufumana ingxelo engakhethi cala kunezithuko nezinyeliso ezijoliswe kuSailor Malan kunamabali aqulunqiweyo nangachananga asemva koCalu-calulo malunga nogwayimbo loMkhosi weeTotshi nolukaStael.

USailor Malan wabekela bucala ubudlelwane bezepolitiki nezinto ezingatshongo khona waze wakhulisa imigaqo yokuziphatha waza wazimanya ekumeleni loo migaqo. Wathi abelungu nabantu abantsundu bafanele bathethe ngazwi-nye ekuthini inimba mayibe-nye. Wayibona imigaqo-nkqubo yoCalu-calulo namagumgedle ezepolitiki nokuqandusela kwento awayeyilwa kwizibhakabhaka zeseYurophu.

Masingasithelwa yindoda nemigaqo eyayiyilwela ngokuthi siyinxulumanise negama elithile. IKapa neendawo ezilingqongileyo zisisindleke ngoonyana neentombi ezingummangaliso ezibe sisibane kweli nakwihlabathi ngokubanzi. Kwithunzi leempiko zikaSailor Malan nathi singagcoba. Ifanele ihlale ithe thaa kuthi into yokuba, ngokwamazwi kaSailor Malan ngokwakhe kwindibano yokuqala yaseRhawutini yeWVAC:

"Amandla ale ndibano bubungqina bokuba amadoda namakhosikazi awalwa iMfazwe yokukhululeka asayixabisa into awayilwelayo. Sizimisele ukuba singavinjwa iziqhamo zolo loyiso”.

ImiThomo eCatshuliweyo

• UMichael Fridjon; UMkhosi weeTotshi neepolitiki zabelungu abachasene nawo – UMzantsi Afrika ngo-1951-1953;

• IYunivesithi yaseWitwatersrand - INgqungquthela yeziFundo ze-Afrika; (Ngo-1976)

• UBill Nasson; ISpringbok esiBhabhayo kwiziBhakabhaka zexesha lemfazwe eBritani: U-A.G. ʻUSailorʼ Malan; IYunivesithi yaseStellenbosch (Ngo-2008); kwaneziFundo ezoNgezelelekileyo zeSebe laseHlotyeni lase-UCT; I-Afrika neNgqungquthela eFanayo yezeMbali e-UCT- iSebe leziFundo zeMbali

• UJoshua N Lazerson; Ukulwa nomsinga; Whit Oxford; neMayibuye Press; e-UWC; (Ngo-1994)

• UNorman LR Franks; INgwe yesiBhakabhaka - IBali likaSailor Malan; iCrecy Publishing, Ltd; e-UK (Ngo-2012)

• UPhilip Kaplan; ‘USailor’ Malan: UPhopho kwiDabi laseBritani - U-Adolph G. Malan; iPen & Sword Aviation; iPen & Sword Books Ltd; eSouth Yorkshire; (Ngo-2012)

Iindawo ezinika umdla

• IMyuziyam yesiKhumbuzo yamaHuguenot eFranschhoek inomboniso.

• Zininzi iividiyo ezimfutshane zikaSailor Malan nogwayimbo loMkhosi weeTotshi kuYouTube