Cape Town Museum

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USheikh Yusuf waseMacassar

Lanita van Niekerk

UTitshala wezakwaMoya, owayenoMoya & kwanomLweli weNkululeko (1626 - 1699)

Abemi baseYurophu abangamaDatshi, amaPhuthukezi, amaNgesi, amaFrentshi, amaSpanish kwanamaDanish ahamba ngolwandle awayethe phithi thwanga kukufuna ukongamela amaZantsi e-Asiya nobutyebi bawo athi cakatha imicondwana yawo kulo mmandla engaxhwithani nje odwa kodwa esilwa kwanabarhwebi abangama-Arabhu nempembelelo yawo. Okona kubaluleke ngakumbi kukuba ayesilwa nabantu bomthonyama balo mmandla. Ezi mfazwe zabangela ukuthinjwa kwamawakawaka abantu abathile kubo abathi bathengiswa ebukhobokeni. Abanye kubo ababengabegazi, iindwalutho, iinkokeli zomkhosi nezenkolo zagxothelwa kwiikoloni okanye kwimimandla apho amagunya aseYurophu ayeseke into eyayibizwa ngokuba yiMizi-mveliso eyayikhokelwa ngooThunywashe bamaKholoniyali.

Abo babemi endleleni yabangeneleli baseYurophu nokurhwaphilizwa kobutyebi babo yayizizikumkani ezinamandla, abalawuli abancinci kwaneenkosi. Abathile kwaba babekhokelwa ngabalawuli ababesoloko behlonitshwa njengeenkokeli zakwamoya ezaziwa njengee-Orang Cayen.

USheikh Yusuf Al-Makassary wayengomnye wezi Orang Cayen, ezazikwaziwa ngokuba ziiTuans, okanye iiSulawezi – njengeeWali Pitue.

USheikh Yusuf wayekwaziwa ngegama elingu-Abadin Tadia Tjoessoep, engumtshana kaKumkani waseGowa kwiiCelebes. Wazalelwa eMacassar ngo-1626. Uyise wayenguGalarrang Moncongloe (u-Abdullah Khaidir), umntakwabo Sultan Alauddin, ukumkani wokuqala waseGowa owaguqukela kubuSilamsi ngo-1603. Unina wayengu-Aminah binti Damapang Ko’mara, owayephuma kwindlu yasebukhosini yobukumkani bamaTallo; ubukumkani obuliwele lobukumkani baseGowa.

Ukuba nguVulindlela & nokuya eluBhacweni

USheikh Yusuf wayenguvulindlela ekubeni ngowokuqala ukungena kubuSilamsi kubantu baseMacassar kuMzantsi Sulwesi, eBantam kwiNtshona Java, eCeylon (namhlanje eyiSri Lanka) naseKapa apho wachithela khona inxalenye yobomi bakhe bokugqibela eselubhacweni okanye egxothiwe.

Emva kokuzibonakalisa ukuba iyinto ngobunto bayo le ntwana, uyise wathumela uYusuf kwizifundo zobuSilamsi ze-pondok pesantren. Kwalandela ixesha lesifundo esihambele phambili se-pondok seCikoang phantsi koSheikh Jalaluddin al-Aidid. Emveni kokugqiba izifundo zakhe, uyise wacetyiswa ukuba le ntwana iqhubele phambili nezifundo zayo eJazirah kwelase-Arabhiya. Wabuyela kuMzantsi Mpuma we-Asiya emva kweminyaka engama-20 imkile. Ngoku wayengutitshala ovunyiweyo nomshumayeli wenkolo. Wayekwangumfo ozithandayo iileta, ebhala iincwadi ezithandwayo ngeelwimi ezintlanu.

Ukongezelela kuqeqesho lwakhe lwezenkolo, waba yinkokeli yemvukelo, echase amaDatshi anembali yobukholoniyali emandla kwimimandla yoMzantsi Mpuma Asiya apho uSheikh Yusuf wayenabalandeli khona. UMacassar wathinjwa ngamaDatshi yaye ngenxa yoko, xa uSheikh Yusuf wayinekel' umva iJiddah ngo-1664 akazange emke ngolwandle ukuya eGowa, kodwa waya eBantam kwiNtshona Java.

USheikh Yusuf wazeka intombi kaSultan Abdul Fatah, iSultan yaseBantam, owayekwaziwa ngokuba ngu-Ageng, othetha ‘omkhulu’. Umkhwe wakhe wambeka waba yiJaji eyiNtloko yezeNkolo nanjengephakathi likaSultan. Esoyikela isidima sakhe njengeSheik Yusuf, indumasi yakhe eBantam yaba ngumba wenkxalabo kumaDatshi.

I-VOC yamaDatshi (okanye iDutch East India Company) yayilawula lo mmandla yaye izibanga njengenelungelo lokonyula nayiphina inkosana efanele ithwesw' isithsaba. OoSultan babegqalwa njengookumkanibenkampaniye-VOC. Babebotshelelwe zizivumelwano ekulandeleni imigaqo-nkqubo ye-VOC, ingakumbi ngokuphathelele urhwebo lwepepile nobudlelwane bamanye amazwe. Ukuba nayiphina iSultan yayizibetha ngoyaba ezi zibophelelo okanye yayingakwazi ukulelwa umdla wale Nkampani eBantam (okanye iBanten), yayingasuswa kwisihlalo sobukhosi. Ngo-1680 amaDatshi aphemb' umlilo kusapho lukaSultan, ngokuqhogana nomnye woonyana abathathu bakaSultan. Le nto yaphelela kwimfazwe apho wathi lo nyana okreqileyo wabhenela kwinkxaso yamaDatshi. Avuma ukungena kule ngxwabangxwaba ngokuchasene noSultan nabanye oonyana bakhe ababini kunye nephakathi likaSultan, uSheikh Yusuf. Le mvukelo yaqhubeka ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ekugqibeleni, uSheikh Yusuf owayengxwelerhekile wasaba wazimela phantsi kweemeko ezimaxongo, wasukelwa kwaze kwathiwa makanikezele ngethemba lokuba wayeza kuxolelwa ngo-1684.

INdawo yamaKhoboka

AmaDatshi ajika kwizithembiso zawo waza uSheikh Yusuf wavalelwa entolongweni eBatavia. Kamva wathunyelwa kwintolongo yaseColombo, eCeylon. Zonke izicelo ezisuka phezulu zokuba akhululwe, njengeso sikaKumkani waseGowa, zakhatywa ngaw' omane. AmaDatshi ayesoyika ungenelelo lwezomkhosi kwizicelo ezazifuna akhululwe. Ekugqibeleni zathumela uSheikh Yusuf elubhacweni lobomi bakhe bonke eCape of Good Hope ngomhla wama-27 kuJuni 1693.

USheikh Yusuf nabafazi bakhe uCarecontoe noCarepane bagaleleka eKapa ngenqanawa ide Voetboeg ngo-Apreli 1694. babephelekwa ngamantombazana amabini angamakhoboka uMu'minah noNa’imah, abantwana abalishumi elinambini, oo-imam abalishumi elinambini kwaneqela labantu ababezinikele kunye neentsapho zabo. Yayingabantu abangama-49 xa bebonke. Bamkelwa yiRhuluneli yaseKapa ngelo xesha, uSimon van der Stel, owababeka kwiFama iZandvliet, kufuphi nomlomo womlambo i-Eerste River. Kamva le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba yiMacassar ngenxa kaSheikh Yusuf.

EZandvliet indawo eyayihlala uSheikh Yusuf yaba yindawo yamakhoboka abhacileyo. Apha kulapho uluntu olungamaSilamsi okuqala eKapa lwathi lwahlala khona. Wawusuka apha umyalezo wobuSilamsi wawukhutshwa khona usuya kumakhoboka ahlala eKapa.

Into entle kukuba uSheikh Yusuf waguqulela ukubhaca kwakhe kwaba ngumsebenzi wenkolo owathi wabeka ngempumelelo iziseko ezakhulayo zobuSilamsi eMzantsi Afrika.

Xa uSheikh Yusuf walandulelayo eli ngomhla wama-23 kuMeyi 1699 eZandvliet eneminyaka engama-73 ubudala, wangcwatywa kwinduli ekufuphi nalapho wayehlala khona. Abane kubafundi bakhe ababesebenza naye ekusekeni inkolo yobuSilamsi eKapa bakwangcwatyelwe kuloo nduli ejonge eMacassar eFaure. IKramat okanye indawo engcwele yokhiwa phezu kwengcwaba lakhe yaye emva kwexesha yaphindwa yokhiwa, yahlaziywa yaze yagcinwa njengendawo yokumkhumbula nokuzinikela. Ihanjelwa ngabantu abaninzi.

Uninzi lwamaSilamsi aseKapa ngelo xesha ayengengobalandeli bobuSilamsi ekuqaleni kuMzantsi Asiya nakuMzantsi Mpuma Asiya apho babethinjwe khona okanye bathengiswa ebukhobokeni. Kungenzeka ukuba babengabathinjwa bemfazwe, iimbacu ezibaleka indlala neentlekele zemvelo, bethengiswe ngenxa yamatyala okanye bengamaxhoba okuthinjwa ngoomatiloshe abangekho mthethweni (pirates). Aba bantu benziwa amakhoboka bahlutywa sonke isidima sabo. Baphulukana neenkcubeko zabo kuquka iinkolo zabo kuquka ubuShamanistic Animism, ubuBhuda, ubuHindu kwezinye iimeko nobuKatolika.

EKapa amakhoboka ayethintelwa ekubeni ngamaKristu ukususela ngoo-1680 ngenxa yokuba abanini bawo abangamaKristu babeza kuba noxanduva lokuwakhulula emva kwexesha elimisiweyo. Abavangeli abeze nobuKristu kubemi bomgquba ngoo-1790 babengavunyelwa ukuba benze loo nto kumakhoboka de babhangiswa ubukhoboka, apho babebhaptiza abantu ngobuninzi kuzo zonke iidolophu zasezifama. Wayiqaphela uSheikh Yusuf le meko waza wayisebenzisa njengethuba lokuzisa intuthuzelo nesidima senkolo kumakhoboka.

Ngoko ke uSheikh Yusuf waseMacassar ugqalwa njengomseki wobuSilamsi eMzantsi Afrika.

ImiThombo eCatshuliweyo