Ifuthe Lobukhobokha: Umboniso wezobugcisa
Nangona ubukhoboka ngoku bungekho mthethweni, ayisiyonto edlulileyo.
Ubukhoboka banamhlanje yinto yokwenene kubantu abaqikelelwa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-40 kwihlabathi jikelele. Kwaba bantu baxhatshazwe kakhulu malunga nama-71% ngabantu ababhinq ileyo kwaye omnye kwabane ngabantwana. Ukurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni – ukuhamba kwabantu ngenkani okanye ukukholisa ngenjongo yokubaxhaphaza – yindlela yobukhoboka bale mihla. Abarhwebi ngabantu banikwe Amandla bubukho bokungalingani ngokwesini, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho. Basebenza kwihlabathi iphela, kwilizwekazi lethu, nakwilizwe lethu.
Elton Jagels, Paternoster, i-Akhrilikhi kwikhanvasi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Phakathi kwamakhoboka kwakukho abalobi abaninzi abanezakhono abavela eMpuma. Ulwandle lwalulapho abalobi abangamakhoboka bafumana khona inkululeko xa bathunyelwa ekulobeni. Abantu ababengamakhoboka kwimimandla eselunxwemeni babesaziwa ngokwengeza ukutya okuncinci ngokuloba.
Ukuloba emva kobukhoboka kwaba yinto yesiko kwinzala yabantu abaninzi ababengamakhoboka eKapa, ababedlulisa obu buchule ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye.
Ukuloba kwanika abalobi imvakalelo yokwabelana ngokuzazi kunye nemvakalelo yoluntu.
Elton Jagels, A Local Fisherman from the Paternoster Community, i-Akhrilikhi kwibhodi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Uninzi loluntu oluphila ngokuloba luhlwempuzekile njengoko indlela yabo yokuphila ixhomekeke ekubeni bazakuphinda babambise nini, kodwa ulwandle lusegazini labo.
Kenneth Alexander, Fishing at Kalk Bay Jetty, Usiba nebala lamanzi ephepheni, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Amadoda amaninzi awayengamakhoboka awayehlala kwimimandla eselunxwemeni yayingabalobi. Ukulandela ubukhoboka, baqhubeka nokufumana imali yokuxhasa iintsapho zabo njengabalobi abasebenza ngolwandle okanye abalobi abangabahambi.
Kenneth Alexander , Woman Cleaning Fish at Kalk Bay Harbour, Usiba nebala lamanzi ephepheni, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Intlanzi yaba yinxalenye yokutya kwabantu abangamakhoboka eKapa phantsi kolawulo lweVOC, 'abathe batya intlanzi' njengokutya 'kwamakhoboka' eNkampani.
Kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, abalobi bohambo bemveli yayingabo kuphela ababoneleli 'beeharders', ezazingumthombo ophambili weprotini kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi eKapa.
Iintlanzi zaziza kuthengwa kwizibuko laseKalk Bay okanye kwinqwelo yeentlanzi nanjengoko abahlali bengingqi babezakuphendula kwisandi sexilongo lentlanzi.
Peter Clarke, The Boat, Ukusikwa kweplanga, umbala, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Ukuloba ngenqanawa lisiko lakudala elibuyela emva kwimihla yobukhoboka eKapa. Sisakhono esidluliselwe kwesinye isizukulwana siye kwesinye, kwiintsapho ezithile kunxulunyaniswa neendlela ezithile zokuhamba-elwandle. Isibonelelo solu hambo sandiselwe kuluntu luphela, nanjengoko bekukho nethuba lokuncedisa ekutsaleni iminatha ngexesha lomsebenzi wokuloba kunye nokufumana iintlanzi zasimahla, isiko eliqhele ukwenziwa kwiindawo zoluntu oluphila ngokuloba.
Isikhephe siyinxalenye yokuloba ngokuhamba ngenqanawa kwaye indima ye 'uitkyker' (jonga ndoda) ibalulekile. Kuphawu lwe 'uitkyker' umsebenzi wokuhamba uyaqala. Abanye babasebenzi bathunyelwa ngaphandle ngesikhephe kwaye i'uitkyker’ ibakhokelela kwindawo yenkitha yeentlanzi ezidada kunye kusetyenziswa impempe neflegi. Njengoko isikhephe sijikeleza kwindawo yenkitha yeentlanzi ezidada kunye umnatha uyaphoswa phezu kwamanzi.
Ukuloba ngenqanawa kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo eKapa ukusukela kwimihla yobukhoboka.
Elton Jagels, Farmworkers at the End of the Day, i-Akhrilikhi kwibhodi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
AmaSan namaKhoekhoen eKapa ayengabazingeli-beqela kunye nabelusi. I-Dutch East India Company (iVOC) yatshintsha umzingeli-oqokelelayo kunye noqoqosho lokwalusa phambi kobukoloniyali ukuya kwezolimo. Abasebenzi kwezi fama babengamakhoboka amadoda kwaye bangamaKhoekhoe nabantu abangamaSan.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi basezifama eKapa namhlanje bayinzala yabantu abangamaKhoekhoe nabamaSan okanye abantu ababenziwe amakhoboka eKapa.
Kenneth Alexander, Talking to the Moon, Pen and watercolour on paper, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Amakhoboka amadoda afumana ukonzakala kokubethwa: babebizwa ngokuba 'ngamakhwenkwe' hayi amadoda. Babengenamandla okukhusela iintsapho zabo ezazinokuthathwa kubo nangaliphi na ixesha. Baye baqhutyelwa ekuxhomekekeni kutywala, okwabatshabalalisa ukuzithemba kwabo kwaza kwawachitha amaphupha abo.
Aba bantu bagcinwa bezithoba nge-'dop 'engendawo okanye inkqubo ye-tot, eyafika ngokuthe rhoqo kwentsimbi yekhoboka. Umbhali-mbali, uRobert Shell uchaze inkqubo 'yedop' njenge "ukwahlulwa kwemini kwi 'dop', umsebenzi, 'dop', umsebenzi, kunye 'nedop'."
Kweli qela labantu kungabonakala ngathi utywala bunikela ngengqondo ebuthathaka ngokuchasene nobukho obucinezelweyo apho baziva bengenakukwazi ukubaleka, kodwa abathi bona nenzala yabo batshatyalaliswe ekugqibeleni. Ngelixa bebaninzi abantu abakwazileyo ukuyoyisa le nto, kusekho abanye abathi eli lifa lidale ukophuka, ukuphelelwa lithemba okungapheliyo.
Kenneth Alexander, Seamstress, Incindi ye-oli ephepheni, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Umbhali-mbali uRobert Shell wathi abafazi ababengamakhoboka abavela eMpuma, ngakumbi eBengal, unxweme lwaseCromandel, iSurat neMacassar babebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezakhono zabo zokuthunga.
Ucacisile ukuba xa bengena kumakhaya ase Kapa ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo iindwendwe zamkelwa ngumbono "wegalari ende, ebanzi apho abafazi abane okanye abathandathu 'amakhoboka' ahleli kwizitulo ezincinane zomthi, ethunga okanye enitha."
Emva kobukhoboka uninzi lwabasetyhini ababengamakhoboka ngaphambili bongeze umvuzo wosapho njengabathungi, ngelixa inzala yabo yayisebenza kwimizi-mveliso yalapha enjengeRex Truform.
Peter Clarke, Sewing Lesson, Umzobo ngosiba nekhabhoni, umnyama namhlophe, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Amakhaya abanini makhoboka axhamla kwizakhono zokuthunga zamakhoboka athunga iimpahla zosapho. Ukulandela amakhoboka anobuchule bokuthunga babekwazi ukufumana imali besekhayeni kwaye badlulise izakhono zabo kwiintombi.
Tony Grogan, Washerwomen, Umbala wamanzi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Emva kokukhululeka, uninzi 'lwabasetyhini abahlamba impahla' ababengamakhoboka bathatha impahla yokuhlanjwa ukongeza umvuzo wosapho. Oku kunjalo ngakumbi kubafazi babalobi, ababephila ngamaxesha athile onyaka.
Nanette Gordon, Untitled, Acrylic paint on canvas, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo babufunyanwa ngabantu ababhinqileyo abangamakhoboka, emakhayeni abantu nakwindawo yokuhlala amakhoboka edolophini, neyayisebenza njengendawo eyindlu yamahenyukazi.
Ukudlwengulwa kwemizimba yabasetyhini abangamakhoboka kwakuqhelekile ngexesha lobukhoboka kwaye kuye kwathunyelwa kuluntu lweli loMzantsi Afrika apho ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwabasetyhini yingxaki ekhulayo.
Cheslyn Brandt, Grysie, i-Akhrilikhi kwifreymi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Ubukhoboka yayilelona xesha libuhlungu ebantwini abangamakhoboka, abathi amava abo emihla ngemihla agutyungelwe bubundlobongela, okanye isoyikiso sobundlobongela. Ngenxa yokwahlukana kosapho, kubantu abaninzi abangamakhoboka amava obomi bosapho ayengenakwenzeka. Impembelelo yengqondo yomothuko ofunyanwa ngabantu ababengamakhoboka ineziphumo edlulela kwizizukulwana kwaye iyaqhubeka ukubuyela kuluntu lwethu namhlanje.
Amos Langdown, Two Women with Babies, Umzobo, ibala, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Abanini bamakhoboka asebenzise eyona nkohlakalo yengqondo ibuhlungu kakhulu ukulawula, ukohlwaya okanye ukwenzakalisa abantu ababhinqileyo abangamakhoboka: ukubahlula nabantwana babo.
Tyrone Appollis, Mother and Child, Ukusikwa kwelino, imnyama namhlophe, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Umonzakalo wembali wokwahlulwa kosapho kunye nokungabikho kwamava kubomi bosapho kube neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ezilandelayo.
Kenneth Alexander, Daisy Kadibil, Umbala wamanzi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
UDaisy Kadibil wayengumfazi waseAustralia ongowomthonyama owayengumntwana owayengomnye 'wesizukulwana esabiweyo' sabantwana abohlukaniswe ngenkani nabazali babo nguRhulumente waseAustralia. Ibali lakhe libhalwe kumdlalo bhanyabhanya The Rabbit Proof Fence.
Nangona kunjalo, amava akhe ahambelana nalawo abantwana abangamakhoboka abohlulwa koonina kwiminyaka yabo yokukhula.
Ubuso bakhe obunxungupheleyo busikhumbuza ngokwenzakala okwenzeka kwindalo iphela ngabantu ababehlulwe kubazali babo bengabantwana, nokuba ngabemi bomthonyama okanye ngamakhoboka.
Leetham Jacobs, Ipensile ephepheni, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
IKapa linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kwinzala yabantu abangamakhoboka.
"It is the city that has shaped our unique historical legacy and it is our home. This city is carved into our psyche in a manner that is unimaginable for those whose history was shaped differently. It is the city of our haunted experiences, but also the city of our longing, hopes and dreams. Cape Town is our birthright, our mother."
UJoline Young, onguMphandi Wezembali kwakunye nesizukulwana sabo babesa kuba ngamakhoboka eKapa.
Tyrone Appollis, District Six, iGouache, ibala, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
I-District 6 yayiluluntu oludlamkileyo lwabantu abahlukeneyo, uninzi lwabo ngaphambili yayingamakhoboka abantu abahlala apha emva kwenkululeko. Ngokukhululwa kobukhoboka, abo babephethe amakhoboka bahlawulwa imali evela eBritane, nangona kunjalo, abantu ababengamakhoboka babenganikwanga ncedo lwezemali ukuqala ubomi babo njengabantu abakhululekileyo.
Iintsapho ezandisiweyo, ubudlelwane obomeleleyo boluntu kunye nokwabelana ngokwabelana ngokuncedayo kuncede uluntu oluhlwempuzekileyo ukuba lusinde kwiimeko zentlupheko egqithisileyo. Abadala bahlala bebajongile abantwana.
Ukuxinana kweemeko zokuphila ngenxa yentlupheko kwakuthetha ukuhlala koluntu kunye nokwabelana ngendawo kunye nezixhobo.
Ngo-1966 unondaba uBrian Barrow wabhale wenjenje ngeDistrict 6:
In 1966 the journalist Brian Barrow wrote of District 6:
"Go into one of the fruit and vegetable shops and you soon realise how the very poor manage to live. In these shops people can still buy something useful for 1d [penny]. They can buy one potato if that is all they can afford at the moment, or one cigarette. You can hear them ask for an olap patiselli (a penny’s worth of parsley), a tikkie [tiekie] tamaties or a tikkie swartbekkies (black-eyed beans), a sixpence soup-greens, an olap knofelok (garlic) or olap broos, which means a penny’s worth of bruised fruit."
Tony Grogan, 'Malay' Quarter, Wash Day, Umbala wamanzi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Emva kwenkululeko, iBo-Kaap yaba likhaya kubantu abaninzi ababefudula bengamakhoboka ababumba uluntu oluqinileyo lwaseBo-Kaap. Namhlanje olu luntu apho, ubuSilamsi benziwa khona, lujamelene nemiceli mngeni ebangelwe kukuhlaziywa.
Tony Grogan, Bo-Kaap, Umbala wamanzi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Nangona yayikade ilikhaya lamaKristu namaSilamsi, kangangeminyaka emininzi iBo-Kaap yayibizwa ngokuba yiKota 'yaseMalay'. Iindlwana ezincinci ezihleli phantsi kwentaba kwaye zingahoywanga yiminaret yemosque, apho uluntu luthobele ikhwelo leAthzaam.
Tony Grogan, Under Lion’s Head, Umbala wamanzi, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Umbono weBo-Kaap obekwe phantsi kweNtloko yeNgonyama.
Emva kwenkululeko abantu ababengamakhoboka bahlala kulo mmandla kwaye benza uluntu olusondeleleneyo.
Umntu owayesakuba ngumhlali waseBo-Kaap wayengumbhali-mbali uAchmat David. Ngokutsho kwakhe, "abantu bobukoloniyali base Kapa babedlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni isiBhulu".
Albert de Jager, On Wash Day, Umzobo kwizimo ezixutyiweyo, umnyama namhlophe, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
Abantwana baseBo-Kaap badlala ngokukhululekileyo phantsi kweliso labantu abadala ekuhlaleni.
Ngelixa uluntu lwaseBo-Kaap lusindisiwe ekususweni ngokunyanzelwa ngeminyaka yowee-1960. KuMzantsi Afrika wangoku, olu luntu lujamelene nengxaki yokuqhekeka ngenxa yokuhlaziywa.
Léshaan Moses, Dodging Bullets, Ipeyinti ye-Akhrilikhi, ipensile kunye nosiba, Ingqokelela yobugcisa yeZiko leMbali yaseKapa
INational Party yaqala ukulawula ngowe1948. Phakathi kowe1955 nowe1957 umatshini ocwangcisa indawo yocalucalulo wavakalisa ingxolo yokuqala njengoko abantu abasuka kwisixeko esingaphakathi babenyanzelwa ukuba baye ezilokishini ezahlulekileyo eCape Flats ngokobuhlanga. Oku kwalandelwa 'sisiCwangciso esiyiNtloko' esinamandla esayilwa ngurhulumente wocalu-calulo ngowe1966. Injongo yaso yayikukususa eKapa enkulu bonke abahlali abanebala elintsundu. Isicwangciso yayikukufudusa abantu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini eKapa baye kwizakhiwo ezinoxinano oluphezulu lwezakhiwo eCape Flats kwaye kuphuhliswe oko kwachazwa ngokuba "sisiXeko sabeBala sexesha elizayo".
Ezona ngxwelerha zokususwa ngenkani yayilulutsha. UDon Pinnock uchaza ifuthe lokususwa ngenkani kubantu abancinci, esithi "intlupheko kunye nobandlululo kwezentlalo babangela uxinzelelo apho imigulukudu yaba yimpendulo yolutsha".
Kulo mzobo umzobi uLéshaan Moses ubonakalisa ubundlobongela bokuqalwa kwemigulukudu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanyathelo afana neProjekthi iHeal the Hood eyaqalwa nguEmile Jansen ngowe1988, abantu abaninzi abatsha bafumana enye indlela eyiyo yokulungisa kunemigulukudu ngomdaniso, umculo nobugcisa.